13 June 2019

Let's learn from the history of UFO leaks

[Below the original text, you will find an addendum about four Psy-Ops principles documented in military and intelligence documents. You can reflect on how the four mentioned Psy-Ops principles can apply to the UFO/UAP issue and attempts at disclosure or greater UFO transparency. - J. T, 2026-06-08]

Considering the latest emergence of documents with controversial claims relating to the UFO phenomenon, it may be an idea to take a deep breath and pause. Mostly, I believe it is wise to turn to UFO-history for some valuable lessons. 

Many of those who are interested in the UFO issue in general, and the ufo-lore in particular, are familiar with this documentary from 2013: http://www.miragemen.com/

Even if you have already watched the documentary, I think it is an idea to watch it again, and ponder its content. Especially, if it has been a while since you watched it. And even though you have decided about the "Dr Eric W. Davis notes" on his meeting with Admiral Wilson, the notes of the same Dr Davis about his conversations with Christopher "Kit" Green, and the "Majestic 12 documents".

I recently watched Mirage Men for a second time. This second time around, and because of these recent "leaks", I found the information in Mirage Men more relevant than the first time I watched it. To watch and listen to all those past disinformation campaigns from Air Force intelligence (represented by Richard Doty), CIA, NSA, etc., helped me to be more levelheaded, and think with greater detachment about these recent "leaks" that have hit the UFO community.

What I remember most from Mirage Men, is that even the former disinformation-agents featured in the documentary say that all effective disinformation has some important facts and truths in it. One of the former Air Force intelligence agents (Walter Bosley), even says that some facts or truths in a disinformation campaign have to be the most extreme ones.

Disinformation about the UFO phenomenon is old news. Everyone seriously interested in the UFO subject is well aware of that. That disinformation is a mix of facts, half-lies, and information impossible to either verify or falsify is also well known in the UFO community.

So, why are some people ready to believe every single "leaked" ufo document as fast as it comes out in the public domain, with no kind of scrutiny? Why are some people ready to dismiss every single "leaked" ufo document as a hoax as fast as it comes out in the public domain, with no kind of scrutiny?

If what the former AFOSI personnel are saying about effective disinformation is true, then we have an incentive to examine and assess the latest UFO leaks.

The challenge is to differentiate truth/facts from disinformation/noise. That effort will take time. Therefore, I raise my hat to anyone who will take on this challenge impartially.

Remember what the AFOSI agents in Mirage Men are saying about an effective disinformation campaign.

The next challenge is: Can we trust them?


Take care!

Addendum 2026-06-08:

Below is an AI-models answer to my question about four principles or techniques used in Psychological Operations (Psy-Ops) by the military and intelligence agencies. You can reflect on how the four principles or techniques have been, and still are, applied to, for example, individual UFO researchers or attempts at UFO/UAP disclosure.

[J. T]: I have a question about principles or techniques in Psychological Operations (Psy-Ops). First, I would like you to confirm that the Psy-Ops principles I mention are real. For example, do the CIA use the mentioned principles? Second, I would like you to summarize what the following principles mean, what their main purpose is, and when the respective principle is likely used. 

The principles are: Magruder's principle, Jones's dilemma, Cry wolf, and Monkey's paw.

[AI-model]: Good question — let me search before answering, since I want to be precise about which of these are formally documented principles and which may be more informal or folk terminology in the field.

I now have everything I need for a thorough and well-sourced answer. Here it is:


Are these real, documented principles?

Yes — all four are real. They are not primarily CIA principles but rather formal U.S. military deception (MILDEC) doctrine, codified in the U.S. Army Field Manual FM 90-2, Battlefield Deception (1988). FM 90-2 lists ten deception maxims derived by the intelligence community from game theory, historical evidence, social science, and decision analysis theory. Magruder's Principle, Jones' Dilemma, Cry-Wolf, and the Monkey's Paw all appear on that list. While the CIA and other intelligence agencies operate within overlapping conceptual territory, these four principles are specifically Army/MILDEC doctrine, not CIA doctrine per se — though they are widely referenced across the U.S. intelligence community. BITS


1. Magruder's Principle

Magruder's Principle states that it is generally easier to induce a target to maintain a pre-existing belief than to deceive them into changing that belief. It is named after General John B. Magruder of the Confederate Army. Global SecurityWavell Room

Purpose: Rather than trying to plant entirely new beliefs — which is cognitively difficult and risks detection — the deceiver exploits what the target already thinks is true. It is a form of cognitive jujitsu: let the enemy's own assumptions do the work.

When used: Operation Desert Storm is a classic example. Intelligence indicated that Saddam Hussein expected a coalition attack from the Persian Gulf and a drive north from Saudi territory. Deception planners reinforced this preexisting belief with decoys while disguising the actual westward flanking maneuver — the "left hook" — that caused Iraqi forces to collapse within four days of ground combat. Similarly, the D-Day deceptions exploited Hitler's preconception that the most likely invasion site was Pas-de-Calais, the shortest channel crossing — a belief the Allies fed and reinforced rather than tried to replace. Modern War Institute -Imperial War Museums


2. Jones's Dilemma

Jones's Dilemma holds that deception generally becomes more difficult as the number of sources available to the target to confirm the "real" increases. However — and this is the flip side — the greater the number of sources that can be deceptively manipulated, the greater the chance of providing the target with convincing, all-source confirmation of the false picture. Global Security

Purpose: It frames the core structural challenge of deception: a sophisticated enemy with multiple intelligence channels (signals, human sources, satellite imagery, etc.) is harder to fool — unless you can corrupt or control all those channels simultaneously.

When used: Most relevant in high-stakes strategic deception against a well-resourced adversary. The Allied WWII Double-Cross System — turning German agents and feeding false information back through them — was in part a response to this dilemma: by controlling the enemy's human intelligence network, the Allies could manufacture consistent "all-source" confirmation of false scenarios. Jones's Dilemma, alongside Magruder's Principle, is considered one of the most important principles in current U.S. military deception doctrine. U.S. Naval Institute


3. Cry-Wolf

Cry-Wolf is rooted in a known limitation of human information processing: targets frequently fail to detect small, gradual changes in indicators, even when the cumulative change over time is large. This is used as a conditioning-based deceptive technique. Global Security

Purpose: By repeatedly signaling something — a threat, a movement, a pattern — that turns out to be insignificant or false, the deceiver conditions the target to stop reacting to that signal. When the real operation finally occurs using the same indicators, the target dismisses it as another false alarm.

When used: Particularly effective in operations where there is time to build behavioral patterns over weeks or months. It can be used to mask troop buildups, impending strikes, or any operation that leaves a detectable signature — as long as the deceiver can pre-condition the target to discount that signature. The logic is identical to Aesop's fable: the wolf really does come eventually, but the village has been trained not to respond.


4. The Monkey's Paw

The name comes from the W.W. Jacobs horror story in which wishes are granted, but with catastrophically unintended consequences. In deception doctrine, it refers to the risk that a successful deception produces unwanted or unforeseen reactions from the target — or friendly fratricide from one's own forces.

One documented example involves Operation BREST in WWII, where the 23rd Headquarters Special Troops (a top-secret 1,100-man deception unit) portrayed an armor attack buildup that the Germans apparently believed. Due to poor coordination, an actual U.S. armored unit then tried to attack in that area. In another similar operation, the German commander who was successfully deceived into believing he faced overwhelming U.S. armor decided to launch a spoiling attack — the opposite of the intended outcome. Global Security

Purpose: The Monkey's Paw is less a technique than a warning principle — a built-in caution. It reminds deception planners that the target is a rational actor who will respond to the false picture, not simply freeze. The target's response may be logical given their misperception, but still undesirable from the deceiver's perspective.

When used: The principle applies to every deception operation as a planning constraint. Doctrine explicitly states that the deception objective should be framed in terms of what you want the target to do, not merely what you want them to think — because thinking and doing are not the same thing, and the gap between them is where the Monkey's Paw lives. Global Security


A note on CIA vs. military attribution: These maxims originate in Army MILDEC doctrine and the broader U.S. intelligence community's theoretical work on deception. The CIA certainly operates within this conceptual tradition, but if you're citing these to someone, the precise institutional home is Army Field Manual FM 90-2 and related doctrine — not CIA publications specifically.


End of addendum 2026-06-08.
/J. T

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